A skilled trader and negotiator, he was appointed Northern Indian Superintendent in Johnson was a shrewd land speculator, owner of a fortune and a home which he humbly called Fort Johnson. Among other children, Johnson fathered eight little rascals with Molly Brant , the sister of Mohawk chief Joseph Brant. Unlike commander in chief Jeffrey Amherst, Johnson distributed gifts generously, and he was not above donning war paint.
Consequently, Johnson created a loyal Iroquois following. He is credited with convincing the Iroquois to stay away from Pontiac's Rebellion.
Johnson is described as "hard-headed and frequently self-serving, particularly regarding land claims. This portrait is Edward L. Mooney's oil on canvas from , after the lost original by Thomas McIlworth from , which was made to hang in Johnson Hall.
New York Historical Society. This meeting has probably been called by Pontiac. Campbell remains as second in command. Also The Weas in the west and, separately, the Senecas in the east, try to stir up a rebellion, but the movement does not get enough traction to amount to a revolt. France cedes to Britain all the mainland of North America east of the Mississippi, excluding New Orleans and its surroundings.
New France has become British. Flag of New France The challenge for the British is now to win the allegiance of the Indian tribes who had been formerly loyal allies of the French. March The Miami receive a war belt from the Senecas, who still try to instigate an uprising against the English. But still without being able to accumulate the required momentum for a revolt. Timeline of the Pontiac War April 27, - July 25, Why the name Ecorse?
Pontiac speaks to an audience of about people, among them chiefs and warriors of the Ottawa, the Potawatomi, and the Wyandot or Huron Nations. Some French people are probably assembled as well, considering that there are approx. News of what exactly the terms of the Treaty of Paris are, have not arrived yet. Pontiac still believes the French are major players and that they will come to his aid.
Pontiac first recites a list of grievances against the British. He then displays a red and purple wampum belt, a war belt, that he claims he has received from their French Father, the King of France, in order to unite and fight against the British.
And, finally, Pontiac quotes the Delaware Prophet , who made if perfectly clear that the white man should be driven out. Pontiac's speech hits the target. Everyone in the attendance is ready to follow his lead. Pontiac's Rebellion begins. Pontiac sends war belts across the land and soon, other tribes will join. Naturally, the center and focus of Pontiac's operations is Detroit, the strongest British post west of Niagara.
May 1, Pontiac and 40 warriors appear at the main gate of Fort Detroit. They ask permission to enter so that they could demonstrate their loyalty to the British by dancing the calumet , or peace dance, a variation of smoking the calumet , or peace pipe. In actual fact, this is a reconnaissance mission. While some of the warriors are performing the dance, others keenly evaluate the strength and vulnerability of the fort.
Pretending to come in peace, Pontiac and his men would then, on his signal, suddenly attack the British soldiers and officers garrisoned at the fort. May 6, An informant, or informants, leak to Gladwin that the meeting with Pontiac tomorrow is actually a ploy to massacre the entire garrison.
May 7, Pontiac, his fellow chiefs, and around warriors meet with Gladwin, who, in turn, has arranged a massive display of all the firepower at his disposal, ready on his command. Pontiac realizes that the entire fort is on high alert, and that his plan has been uncovered.
He decides not to give the signal for the attack. Also on May 7, Capt. Clair River near today's Port Huron, when they are attacked by a group of the Saginaw Chippewa who are en route to join Pontiac at Detroit.
Robertson and Davers are killed along almost all of their soldiers. One of the survivors, seventeen-year-old John Rutherford , is taken captive and will be adopted by a Chippewa family.
John will go on to serve in the Black Watch, and to live to age May 8, Pontiac and three Ottawa chiefs go back to Gladwin, claim there must have been a misunderstanding, and promise to be back shortly to smoke the pipe of peace. May 9, Pontiac and his men return to Fort Detroit with 65 canoes.
This time, Gladwin does not open the gates. Pontiac begins the six-month Siege of Fort Detroit. This is also called Pontiac's Siege. Although vastly outnumbered, Gladwin and his men will be able to hold the fort. The unprotected settlements around the fort, however, are quickly ravished, stores broken into and live stock taken.
Nine British settlers and one French settler, Francois Goslin, who was mistaken for an Englishman, are killed. The rest is captured.
May 10, Pontiac claims he is ready for peace negotiations and meets with Capt. Donald Campbell , Lieut. Pontiac decides to hold the men hostages. Concluding to have thus gained an upper hand in negotiations, Pontiac sends a French messenger to Gladwin at Fort Detroit, demanding the same terms the British demanded from the French, complete surrender. But Gladwin doesn't flinch. Campbell, MacDougall, and the others will attempt to escape on July 2, Now that Fort Detroit is cut off, the Indians who live around the British forts, rise up.
Gladwin writes to Jeffrey Amherst for reinforcements:. The enemy are still masters of the country and are likely to be so, if your Excellency does not send a body of men to disperse them.
Amherst sends support via schooners on the Detroit River, that are too large to be attacked from Indian canoes. Small parties even get out of the fort and are able to destroy buildings the besiegers are using for cover. Amherst hands out a new policy, Take no Indian prisoners. On May 28, , many of them will be killed. The entire 15 man garrison is killed, its commander Christopher Pauli is taken prisoner and brought to Detroit.
May 18, Pontiac calls a meeting with all habitants of Detroit and demands that they write a letter to Neyon de Villiers , French commander of Fort de Chartres, to ask for help.
The villagers did so, apparently under duress, as they attached a note to their letter to Villiers,. We are forced to submit to what the Indians demand of us. The English are shut up, and all passages are cut off. We cannot express our perplexity to you [ Toggle navigation. Jump to: navigation , search. He led an uprising at Fort Detroit known as Pontiac's Rebellion in , but the tribes were not able to overcome the fort's strong fortifications in spite of a five-month siege.
Hurt, R. In , he was murdered by a Peoria tribesman while visiting Illinois. His death led to bitter warfare among the tribes, and the Peorias were nearly wiped out. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Called the U. According to the National Endowment of the Humanities, the boy and his The fragile painting was recovered undamaged at a hotel in Asgardstrand, about 40 miles south of Oslo, police said.
The iconic On the afternoon of May 7, , the British ocean liner Lusitania is torpedoed without warning by a German submarine off the south coast of Ireland. Wars amongst colonial powers from Queen Anne to French and Indian led to growing unrest within the colonies themselves as taxes were levied without representation, which would lead to the next decade to come and revolution. American leaders began to emerge in a variety of ways, including George Washington trying to become a British General and Ben Franklin beginning his publishing career and flying a kite.
Above: Engraving of Faneuil Hall in Boston. Courtesy Library of Congress.
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